A CNC machine is used in woodworking shops and some other industrial settings. They are very expensive, so most individuals do not buy them, although used ones can be obtained more cheaply. They are important for speed and accuracy in large, repetitive tasks.
There are many uses in industry for CNC machines. Routers drill holes, for example. Many CNC machines can perform a number of tasks at once, improving efficiency in the manufacturing process.
The technology behind these machines is Computer Numerated Control. This technology was developed in the seventies and it allows for a machine to be programmed in advance so the operations are set up to work almost automatically. The initial setup is a little complicated, but once that is done the machine is easy to operate.
A CNC router would be programmed to drill a hole repeatedly at certain intervals. This is much more efficient than manual calculation and drilling and eliminates inconsistency due to human error or fatigue.
A CNC lathe would be used to cut pieces of wood of uniform size and shape. Lathes can have horsepower ranging from 15 to 40 HP, and how much power is needed depends upon the job being done. A good CNC lathe will allow you to work at various levels of automation, so that you can work all manual, or all automated, or any combination in between.
The best mill available is the Bridgeport mill. Mills are designed to be used in both large industries and small milling shops, and the Bridgeport mill is built to last in any situation. The price is prohibitive, however, for individual use.
A CNC mill is considered specialty equipment. The concept is to use computer programming and robotic operation for speed and accuracy. This kind of speed and accuracy would be impossible to achieve for an individual. The airline industry frequently uses the CNC technology of Bridgetown mills; specifications are entered, and the mill automatically determines which functions to perform and how.
Engravers can also be CNC machines. Engraving can be done on many materials, including wood or wood composite, metal, stone or glass. These machines can do very exact engraving on materials from the smallest to the largest, and have the same result over and over.
Since CNC machines are so expensive most individuals cannot afford them, there may be individuals who do a lot of repetitive machine work and would like to obtain one. An option in this case is a used CNC machine, which can be as low as half the price of a new one. It is important to make sure the used machine is in good condition, so you may be better off looking for a rebuilt machine. This is one that has had the major components replaced so it is almost a new machine. Frequently, rebuilt machines have a warranty of at least one year, so that you can be assured that it will be working, or you can get it repaired if it does not.